Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide, onye usoro ya bụ NaOH, nke a na-akpọkarị caustic soda, caustic soda na caustic soda. Mgbe agbazere, ọ na-ewepụta ísì amonia. Ọ bụ caustic siri ikealkali, nke na-adịkarị n'ụdị flake ma ọ bụ granular. Ọ na-adị mfe soluble na mmiri (mgbe agbazere na mmiri, ọ na-enye ọkụ) na-emepụta ngwọta alkaline. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọ na-eri nri ma na-amịkọrọ mmiri vapo (deliquescence) na carbon dioxide (mmebi) na ikuku. NaOH bụ otu n'ime kemịkalụ dị mkpa na ụlọ nyocha kemịkalụ, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime kemịkalụ a na-ahụkarị. Ngwaahịa ahụ dị ọcha enweghị agba na kristal transperent. Njupụta 2.130 g/cm. Ebe mgbaze 318.4 ℃. Isi ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ bụ 1390 ℃. Ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ nwere ntakịrị sodium chloride na sodium carbonate, nke bụ kristal ọcha na opaque. E nwere ihe mgbochi, na-agba agba, granular na ụdị mkpanaka. Ụdị ọnụọgụ 40.01
Sodium hydroxideenwere ike iji ya dị ka onye na-ehicha ihe alkaline na ọgwụgwọ mmiri, nke na-agbaze na ethanol na glycerol; Na-adịghị ike na propanol na ether. Ọ na-emebikwa carbon na sodium na oke okpomọkụ. Mmeghachi omume enweghị nhata na halogen dị ka chlorine, bromine na ayodiin. Wepụ ya na acid ka ọ bụrụ nnu na mmiri.
Njirimara anụ ahụ nke mpịachi
Sodium hydroxide bụ ọcha translucent crystalline siri ike. Ngwọta mmiri ya nwere uto astringent na mmetụta satiny.
Mpịaji deliquescence Ọ na-ada ụda na ikuku.
Mpịakọta mmiri absorption
alkali siri ike bụ nke ukwuu hygroscopic. Mgbe ekpughere ya na ikuku, ọ na-etinye mkpụrụ ndụ mmiri na ikuku, ma mesịa gbazee kpamkpam n'ime ngwọta, mana mmiri mmiri sodium hydroxide enweghị hygroscopicity.
Mpịakọta solubility
Mpịakọta alkalinity
Sodium hydroxide ga-ekewa kpam kpam n'ime ion sodium na ion hydroxide mgbe agbazere na mmiri, ya mere ọ nwere mkpokọta alkali.
Ọ nwere ike iji protonic acid ọ bụla mee mmeghachi omume neutralization acid-base (nke bụkwa nke mmeghachi omume ire ere okpukpu abụọ):
NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H₂O
2NaOH + H₂SO₄=Na₂SO₄+2H₂O
NaOH + HNO₃=NaNO₃+H₂O
N'otu aka ahụ, ngwọta ya nwere ike nweta mmeghachi omume ire ere okpukpu abụọ na ngwọta nnu:
NaOH + NH₄Cl = NaCl +NH₃·H₂O
2NaOH + CuSO₄= Cu(OH)₂↓+ Na₂SO₄
2NaOH+MgCl₂= 2NaCl+Mg(OH)₂↓
Mmeghachi omume saponification mpịachi
N'ọtụtụ mmeghachi omume organic, sodium hydroxide na-arụkwa ọrụ yiri nke ahụ dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali, n'etiti nke ihe nnọchianya kachasị bụ saponification:
RCOOR'+ NaOH = RCOONa + R'OH
Tụgharịa ọzọ
Ihe kpatara sodium hydroxide ji agbada ngwa ngwa banye sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) na ikuku bụ n'ihi na ikuku nwere carbon dioxide (co):
2NaOH + CO₂ = Na₂CO₃ + H₂O
Ọ bụrụ na a na-ebute oke carbon dioxide na-aga n'ihu, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), nke a na-akpọ baking soda, ga-emepụta, usoro mmeghachi omume bụ nke a:
Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O = 2NaHCO₃
N'otu aka ahụ, sodium hydroxide nwere ike imeghachi omume na acidic oxides dị ka silicon dioxide (SiO₂) na sulfur dioxide (SO):
2NaOH + SiO₂ = Na₂SiO₃ + H₂O
2 NaOH+SO (trace) = Na₂SO₃+H₂O
NaOH + SO₂ (oke) = NaHSO₃ (nke NASO mepụtara na mmiri na-emeghachi omume na oke SO iji mepụta nahSO)
